Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
Add filters








Year range
1.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(6): 912-917, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572470

ABSTRACT

Pitfall trapping is probably the most frequently used method for sampling grounddwelling arthropods. While the capture of specimens in pitfall traps largely depends on the number of individuals in the sampled area, trap design and trapping effort for a given environment, can also affect sampling success. The aim of this study was to determine the best pitfall trapping design for collecting ground-dwelling arthropods in the wind-blown and cold arid steppe areas of Patagonia. We tested four designs of traps, six types of preservative and different times of activation as well as the quantity of traps. Both preservation attributes and sampling efficiency differed between different trap designs and fluids compared. We conclude that in order to obtain reliable data on the structure of a community of ground-dwelling arthropods in Patagonia, at least three pitfall traps per experimental unit are required. In addition, traps should be opened for a minimum of 10 days filled with 300 ml of 30 percent ethylene glycol. We also suggested the use of a simple trap design (i. e. without funnel or roof). We believe these findings will contribute to more appropriate sampling of the ground dwelling fauna of Patagonia as well as other arid areas, leading to more reliable diversity studies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthropods , Argentina , Entomology/methods , Soil
2.
Interciencia ; 34(11): 771-776, nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630871

ABSTRACT

Los coleópteros constituyen el orden de insectos más diverso, presentando una gran variedad de hábitos alimentarios. La familia Tenebrionidae, considerada típicamente como detritívora, es la más abundante de la fauna de coleópteros epigeos en el nordeste patagónico, siendo Nyctelia circumundata una de las especies más representativas. Con el objetivo de conocer los principales componentes de su dieta, preferencia relativa y posible consumo de la especie vegetal introducida Diplotaxis tenuifolia, se realizaron ensayos en laboratorio utilizando test de preferencia simple y de presentación simultánea de ítems pareados. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en las preferencias de especies vegetales nativas: Senecio filaginoides y Lycium chilense fueron los ítems más preferidos, Sporobolus rigens y Atriplex lampa los menos, y Schinus johnstonii y Grindelia chiloensis en un orden intermedio. Al mismo tiempo, N. circumundata incorporó en su dieta a la especie introducida D. tenuifolia, resultando ser el ítem más consumido. Los resultados modifican el concepto clásico sobre N. circumundata, al demostrar que es un activo consumidor de biomasa vegetal en pie y exponer un claro patrón de preferencias relativas a los diferentes ítems, patrón de selección que podría deberse a una interacción compleja entre atributos energéticos de las plantas, su palatabilidad y los requerimientos metabólicos del coleóptero. El hecho que D. tenuifolia constituya el ítem alimentario preferido arroja luz sobre la conformación de nuevas interacciones entre especies nativas e invasoras, con desconocidas implicaciones ecológicas y aplicadas.


Coleopteran is the most diverse order of insects, and as such it includes a broad variety of feeding habits. The Tenebrionidae family, typically considered as composed of scavengers, is the most abundant family found in Northeastern Patagonia. In turn, Nyctelia circumundata is one of its most representative Tenebrionidae in the region. In order to know the most important components of its diet, as well as its feeding preferences and the possible consumption of the foreign specie Diplotaxis tenuifolia, two different laboratory assays were carried out: simple preference tests and paired choice tests. Clear preferences were found, being Senecio filaginoides and Lycium chilense the most preferred items, and Sporobolus rigens and Atriplex lampa the less preferred, and Schinus johnstonii and Grindelia chiloensis, intermediate. N. circumundata consumed the exotic species D. tenuifolia, turning out to be the most consumed item. The results modify the classical concept about N. circumundata, showing that it feeds on green plant parts and exhibits a defined feeding preference pattern. This preference could be the consequence of a complex interaction between plant energetic attributes, palatability and metabolic requirements. The fact that D. tenuifolia was the preferred item suggests the development of a new interaction between native insects and an invasive plant, which may bring about ecological and application consequences.


Os coleópteros constituem a ordem de insetos mais diverso, apresentando uma grande variedade de hábitos alimentários. A família Tenebrionidae, considerada tipicamente como detritívora, é a mais abundante da fauna de coleópteros epígeos no nordeste patagônico, sendo Nyctelia circumundata uma das espécies mais representativas. Com o objetivo de conhecer os principais componentes da sua dieta, preferência relativa e possível consumo da espécie vegetal introduzida Diplotaxis tenuifolia, se realizaram ensaios em laboratório utilizando teste de preferência simples e de apresentação simultânea de itens pareados. Acharam-se diferenças significativas nas preferências de espécies vegetais nativas: Senecio filaginoides e Lycium chilense foram os itens mais preferidos, Sporobolus rigens e Atriplex lampa os menos, e Schinus johnstonii e Grindelia chiloensis em uma ordem intermediária. Ao mesmo tempo, N. circumundata incorporou na sua dieta a espécie introduzida D. tenuifolia, resultando ser o item mais consumido. Os resultados modificam o conceito clássico sobre N. circumundata, ao demonstrar que é um ativo consumidor de biomassa vegetal em pé e ao expor um claro padrão de preferências relativas aos diferentes itens, padrão de seleção que poderia dever-se a uma interação complexa entre atributos energéticos das plantas, sua palatabilidade e os requerimentos metabólicos do coleóptero. O fato de que D. tenuifolia constitua o item alimentário preferido, joga luz sobre a conformação de novas interações entre espécies nativas e invasoras, com desconhecidas implicações ecológicas e aplicadas.

3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(2): 505-513, jun. 2006. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-492050

ABSTRACT

The spider Misumenops pallidus (Thomisidae) is commonly found in alfalfa crops. We studied its predatory preferences on potential insect prey, particularly regarding agroecosystems pests. Two kinds of tests were done under normal laboratory conditions: simultaneous presentation of prey (n = 215) and alternative prey test (n = 45). The spiders preferred insects that were mobile, small, without defensive glands and with thin exoskeletons. According to the amount of prey consumed, we established four predation levels: high (> 55%, on adult Drosophila melanogaster flies); intermediate (30%-55% on the defoliator larvae of Rachiplusia nu and adult heteropterans: Horciasinus argentinus and Halticus spegazzinii); and low (10%-30% on the chrysomelids Colapsis sp. and Diabrotica speciosa). The pentatomid Piezodorus guildinii, the curculionid Naupactus sp. and the aphid Acyrthosiphom pisum were not accepted as food. Once the spider captured a prey item it did not accept another, independently of prey item species (82% of trials).


Se analizó la preferencia alimentaria de la araña Misumenops pallidus frente a diferentes potenciales insectos presas, algunos de los cuales son plaga en cultivos agrícolas. Se efectuaron pruebas de presentación simultánea de presas (n= 215) y de presa alternativa (n= 45), en condiciones normales de laboratorio. M. pallidus mostró predilección por insectos móviles, pequeños, de exoesqueleto delgado y sin glándulas repelentes. Se establecieron cuatro niveles de depredación. El grado máximo (> 55%) correspondió a las moscas adultas Drosophila melanogaster. Hubo depredación intermedia (30%-55%) de larvas desfoliadoras (Rachiplusia nu) y heterópteros adultos (Horciasinus argentinus y Halticus spegazzinii); y depredación mínima (10%-30%) de los crisomélidos Colaspis sp. y Diabrotica speciosa. Los pentatómidos Piezodorus guildinii, los curculiónidos Naupactus sp. y los áfidos Acyrthosiphom pisum, no fueron depredados. En el 82% de los casos, una vez que M. pallidus logra cazar su presa, no la cambia por otra (independientemente del tipo de presa considerada).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Spiders/physiology , Predatory Behavior/physiology , Ecosystem , Insecta/physiology , Medicago sativa , Food Preferences/physiology , Population Density , Population Dynamics
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL